M4.1: Bewertungskriterien und Datenmanipulation - Weiterführende Informationen

Link zum Material: https://www.china-schul-akademie.de/materialien/m-wrc-m4-1

Autor	Titel	Datum	Bildrechte	Objektbeschreibung	Einordnung
Autor: Odila Schröder	Titel: Bewertungskriterien und Datenmanipulation im Kadermanagementsystem der Volksrepublik China	Datum: 14.05.2021	Rechte: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0	Objektbeschreibung: Hintergrundinformationen und Übersetzung einer Anekdote zur Datenmanipulation bei der Erhebung von lokalen Geburtsraten	Einordnung: Der Text wurde verfasst von Odila Schröder, Mitarbeiterin der China-Schul-Akademie. Er orientiert sich am aktuellen Forschungsstand zu Bewertungskriterien innerhalb des Kadermanagementsystems der VR China. Er enthält die Übersetzung eines Abschnittes aus einem wissenschaftlichen Artikel von Gao Jie, einer Wissenschaftlerin an der National University of Singapore, die 2007 in Hong Kong zu dem Thema promoviert hat und seitdem in diesem Bereich forschend tätig ist. Datenmanipulation ist als Problem für die effektive Kaderbewertung bekannt. So hält Sebastian Heilmann in seinem Standardwerk zum politischen System der VR China fest: „Sehr anfällig ist die quantitative Leistungsmessung allerdings für die Manipulation von Ergebnis- und Datenberichten (etwa in der Wirtschafts-, Sozial- oder Umweltstatistik), die zu systematischen Verzerrungen und Beschönigungen von Evaluationsergebnissen genutzt werden können.” (Heilmann u. a. 2016, 304) Weitere Informationen zur Verlässlichkeit von statistischen Daten in China und zur sogenannten Ein-Kind-Politik finden Sie im Modul „China unter der Lupe“ und im Einordnungstext zu M5.1. Verwendete Literatur 2596022 Meritokratie_M5.1 1 chicago-author-date-de 50 creator asc 1 1 30493 Gao, Jie. 2015. Pernicious Manipulation of Performance Measures in China’s Cadre Evaluation System. The China Quarterly* 223 (September): 618–637. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741015000806, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/pernicious-manipulation-of-performance-measures-in-chinas-cadre-evaluation-system/1C8A8F4DCDB49F699B591E5EE3EFFD7A (zugegriffen: 11. Februar 2021). Zitieren Dieser Artikel enthält eine Kategorisierung und viele Beispiele für Datenmanipulation durch chinesische Kader. Darunter Techniken um zukünftige Zielsetzungen zu verringern - durch die Vermeidung der MItteilung im Falle von einer Übererfullung von Zielen. Aber auch Techniken, wie Ziele fälschlicherweise als erreicht vermerkt wurden. Heilmann, Sebastian, Lea Shih und Sandra Hepp. 2016. Partei und Staat. In: Das politische System der Volksrepublik China, 27–139. 3., akt. Aufl. 2016. SpringerLink : Bücher. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-07228-5, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07228-5 (zugegriffen: 4. Januar 2021). Zitieren Heilmann, Sebastian, Matthias Stephan, Zhu Yi, Kristin Shi-Kupfer, Dirk Schmidt und Sandra Hepp. 2016. Politikgestaltung und Politikfelder. In: Das politische System der Volksrepublik China, 27–139. 3., akt. Aufl. 2016. SpringerLink : Bücher. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-07228-5, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07228-5 (zugegriffen: 4. Januar 2021). Zitieren Leng, Sidney. 2019. China’s economic census uncovers more fake data. South China Morning Post. 20. Juni. https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3015206/chinas-economic-census-undercovers-more-fake-data-officials (zugegriffen: 20. Februar 2021). Zitieren Zeitungsartikel der Hong Konger South China Morning Post (eine ausführliche Einordnung finden Sie in unserer Linkliste) über das Vorgehen der Zentralregierung in Beijing gegen gefälschte Daten auf lokaler Ebene. Manion, Melanie. 1985. The Cadre Management System, Post-Mao: The Appointment, Promotion, Transfer and Removal of Party and State Leaders. The China Quarterly, Nr. 102: 203–233. https://www.jstor.org/stable/653845 (zugegriffen: 10. Februar 2021). Zitieren Niu, Xuejiao, Xiaohu Wang, Jie Gao und Xuejun Wang. Has third-party monitoring improved environmental data quality? An analysis of air pollution data in China. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109698, https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0301479719314161?token=ED62DDF7877C207142D8F189BD40CC5AD606120AD266581E190324BA62A58A4C568A8D71C11979ADD26A9E8A416E2178&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20210514151828 (zugegriffen: 14. Mai 2021). Zitieren Niu, XueJiao, XiaoHu Wang, Jie Gao und XueJun Wang. 2020. Has third-party monitoring improved environmental data quality? An analysis of air pollution data in China. Journal of Environmental Management 253 (1. Januar): 109698. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109698, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479719314161 (zugegriffen: 14. Mai 2021). Zitieren Qi, Rui, Chenchen Shi und Mark Wang. 2020. The over-cascading system of cadre evaluation and China’s authoritarian resilience. China Information (27. Mai): 0920203X20920514. doi:10.1177/0920203X20920514, https://doi.org/10.1177/0920203X20920514 (zugegriffen: 10. Februar 2021). Zitieren

Autor

Titel

Datum

Bildrechte

Objektbeschreibung

Einordnung

Autor: Odila Schröder

Titel: Bewertungskriterien und Datenmanipulation im Kadermanagementsystem der Volksrepublik China

Datum: 14.05.2021

Rechte: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Objektbeschreibung: Hintergrundinformationen und Übersetzung einer Anekdote zur Datenmanipulation bei der Erhebung von lokalen Geburtsraten

Einordnung: Der Text wurde verfasst von Odila Schröder, Mitarbeiterin der China-Schul-Akademie. Er orientiert sich am aktuellen Forschungsstand zu Bewertungskriterien innerhalb des Kadermanagementsystems der VR China. Er enthält die Übersetzung eines Abschnittes aus einem wissenschaftlichen Artikel von Gao Jie, einer Wissenschaftlerin an der National University of Singapore, die 2007 in Hong Kong zu dem Thema promoviert hat und seitdem in diesem Bereich forschend tätig ist. Datenmanipulation ist als Problem für die effektive Kaderbewertung bekannt. So hält Sebastian Heilmann in seinem Standardwerk zum politischen System der VR China fest: „Sehr anfällig ist die quantitative Leistungsmessung allerdings für die Manipulation von Ergebnis- und Datenberichten (etwa in der Wirtschafts-, Sozial- oder Umweltstatistik), die zu systematischen Verzerrungen und Beschönigungen von Evaluationsergebnissen genutzt werden können.” (Heilmann u. a. 2016, 304) Weitere Informationen zur Verlässlichkeit von statistischen Daten in China und zur sogenannten Ein-Kind-Politik finden Sie im Modul „China unter der Lupe“ und im Einordnungstext zu M5.1.

Verwendete Literatur

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Gao, Jie. 2015. Pernicious Manipulation of Performance Measures in China’s Cadre Evaluation System*. The China Quarterly 223 (September): 618–637. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741015000806, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/pernicious-manipulation-of-performance-measures-in-chinas-cadre-evaluation-system/1C8A8F4DCDB49F699B591E5EE3EFFD7A (zugegriffen: 11. Februar 2021). Zitieren

Dieser Artikel enthält eine Kategorisierung und viele Beispiele für Datenmanipulation durch chinesische Kader. Darunter Techniken um zukünftige Zielsetzungen zu verringern - durch die Vermeidung der MItteilung im Falle von einer Übererfullung von Zielen. Aber auch Techniken, wie Ziele fälschlicherweise als erreicht vermerkt wurden.

Heilmann, Sebastian, Lea Shih und Sandra Hepp. 2016. Partei und Staat. In: Das politische System der Volksrepublik China, 27–139. 3., akt. Aufl. 2016. SpringerLink : Bücher. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-07228-5, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07228-5 (zugegriffen: 4. Januar 2021). Zitieren

Heilmann, Sebastian, Matthias Stephan, Zhu Yi, Kristin Shi-Kupfer, Dirk Schmidt und Sandra Hepp. 2016. Politikgestaltung und Politikfelder. In: Das politische System der Volksrepublik China, 27–139. 3., akt. Aufl. 2016. SpringerLink : Bücher. Wiesbaden: Springer VS. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-07228-5, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-07228-5 (zugegriffen: 4. Januar 2021). Zitieren

Leng, Sidney. 2019. China’s economic census uncovers more fake data. South China Morning Post. 20. Juni. https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3015206/chinas-economic-census-undercovers-more-fake-data-officials (zugegriffen: 20. Februar 2021). Zitieren

Zeitungsartikel der Hong Konger South China Morning Post (eine ausführliche Einordnung finden Sie in unserer Linkliste) über das Vorgehen der Zentralregierung in Beijing gegen gefälschte Daten auf lokaler Ebene.

Manion, Melanie. 1985. The Cadre Management System, Post-Mao: The Appointment, Promotion, Transfer and Removal of Party and State Leaders. The China Quarterly, Nr. 102: 203–233. https://www.jstor.org/stable/653845 (zugegriffen: 10. Februar 2021). Zitieren

Niu, Xuejiao, Xiaohu Wang, Jie Gao und Xuejun Wang. Has third-party monitoring improved environmental data quality? An analysis of air pollution data in China. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109698, https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0301479719314161?token=ED62DDF7877C207142D8F189BD40CC5AD606120AD266581E190324BA62A58A4C568A8D71C11979ADD26A9E8A416E2178&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20210514151828 (zugegriffen: 14. Mai 2021). Zitieren

Niu, XueJiao, XiaoHu Wang, Jie Gao und XueJun Wang. 2020. Has third-party monitoring improved environmental data quality? An analysis of air pollution data in China. Journal of Environmental Management 253 (1. Januar): 109698. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109698, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479719314161 (zugegriffen: 14. Mai 2021). Zitieren

Qi, Rui, Chenchen Shi und Mark Wang. 2020. The over-cascading system of cadre evaluation and China’s authoritarian resilience. China Information (27. Mai): 0920203X20920514. doi:10.1177/0920203X20920514, https://doi.org/10.1177/0920203X20920514 (zugegriffen: 10. Februar 2021). Zitieren

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