Wer regiert China? Die politische Elite der Volksrepublik
-
Lerneinheit 1: Die Volksrepublik China als Meritokratie in den Medien2 Materialien|4 Aufgaben
-
Lerneinheit 2: Chinas kaiserzeitliches Beamtenprüfungssystem3 Materialien|2 Aufgaben
-
Lerneinheit 3: Die politische Elite der Volksrepublik China2 Materialien|3 Aufgaben
-
Lerneinheit 4: Datenmanipulation und Machtmonopolisierung2 Materialien|5 Aufgaben
-
Lerneinheit 5: Zufriedenheit und Stabilität2 Materialien|2 Aufgaben
-
Lerneinheit 6: Diskussion1 Aufgabe
-
Ergänzende Materialien3 Materialien
-
M1.2
-
M5.1
M1.2: Ist China eine Meritokratie?
In diesem TED-Talk – einem Kurzvortrag bei einer Konferenz der Organisation TED Conferences LLC (Technology, Entertainment, Design) – stellte Eric X. Li 2013 drei Gründe für die Stabilität des chinesischen politischen Systems vor: Flexibilität, Meritokratie und Legitimität. In dem hier gezeigten Abschnitt (8:12 – 13:19) wird die Auswahl der chinesischen politischen Elite nach dem Leistungsprinzip vorgestellt und die Legitimität des Systems begründet.
Li, Eric X. 2013. „Eric X. Li: Zwei politische Systeme“. TED. Link mit deutschen Untertiteln [Abschnitt: 8:12-13:19]. Weiterführende Informationen
Li, Eric X. 2013. „Eric X. Li: Zwei politische Systeme“. TED. Link mit deutschen Untertiteln [Abschnitt: 8:12-13:19]. Weiterführende Informationen
Zur Einsicht detaillierter Quellenangaben sowie weiterführender Informationen und Literaturhinweise zum Material besuchen Sie bitte die Plattform ChinaPerspektiven. [https://www.china-schul-akademie.de/materialien/m-wrc-m1-2]
Weiterführende Informationen
Autor | Datum | Quelle | Bildrechte | Objektbeschreibung | Inhalt |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Autor*in: Li, Eric X. | Datum: 06.2013 | Quelle: Li, Eric X. 2013. „Zwei Politische Systeme“. TEDGlobal. https://www.ted.com/talks/eric_x_li_a_tale_of_two_political_systems?language=de | Rechte: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 | Objektbeschreibung: TED-Talk des Unternehmers Erix X. Li |
Einordnung: Eric X. Li (Li Shimo 李世默) studierte an der University of California, Berkeley, Stanford University und hat einen PhD in Politikwissenschaften der prestigeträchtigen Shanghaier Fudan University (Fudan daxue 复旦大学). Er ist ein erfolgreicher Unternehmer und Investor, u.a. Gründer der Risikokapitalgesellschaft Chengwei Capital und der Nachrichtenplattform „Beobachter“ guancha.cn (guanchazhe wang 观察者网). Er publiziert regelmäßig in den US-amerikanischen Zeitschriften wie Foreign Affairs, New York Times u.ä. und spricht auf Wirtschaftskonferenzen und bei Business Schools. Er ist zudem affiliiert mit dem wirtschaftsnahen Berggruen China Center. Aufgrund seiner Präsenz in den internationalen Medien und seiner oft propagandistisch anmutenden Thesen wird Li auch als internationales Sprachrohr der Kommunistischen Partei Chinas (KPCh) bezeichnet – doch auch Li ist schon in die Mühlen der Zensur gefallen (Jung 2018). Der Veröffentlichung von Lis TED-Talk wurde eine Kritik des in Beijing 北京 geborenen und an der renommierten MIT Sloan School of Management in den USA tätigen Politikwissenschaftlers Yasheng Huang (Huang Yasheng 黄亚生) angehängt, die ebenfalls über die Webseite der Organisation zugänglich ist (Huang 2013b). Huang kritisiert die aus wissenschaftlicher Perspektive unqualifizierten Aussagen Lis: Er weist auf die Demokratisierung vieler, vor allem reicher Länder hin, kritisiert den von Li zitierten Transparency International Index und führt die hohe Zustimmung der chinesischen Bevölkerung zum politischen System auf die Grenzen der freien Meinungsäußerung und Problematiken der Datenerhebung im Land zurück. Huang stellt Lis Darstellung der historischen „Anpassungsfähigkeit“ der Partei in Frage, weist auf den fehlenden Zusammenhang zwischen politischem System und wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung eines Landes hin und zeigt Inkonsequenzen in Lis Argumentation auf. Die gleiche Auseinandersetzung lässt sich in der renommierten Zeitschrift Foreign Affairs nachvollziehen, in welcher sowohl Eric X. Li als auch Huang ihre Thesen ausführen (Li 2013; Huang 2013a). Die von der gemeinnützigen Organisation TED Conferences LLC (Technology, Entertainment, Design) ausgerichteten TED Talks sind für ihre kurzweilige Darstellung komplexer Themen und für brillante Rhetorik – kurz ihr erfolgreiches „Infotainment“ – bekannt geworden. Die erste Konferenz wurde 1984 veranstaltet. Ab 1990 verstetigte sich die TED Konferenz als jährliche Veranstaltung in Long Beach, Kalifornien. Seit 2006 werden ausgewählte Vorträge online zugänglich gemacht. Mittlerweile existieren mehrere Ableger, z.B. TEDx, TEDGlobal, TED-Ed und andere. Die Videos der Organisation sind so erfolgreich und stilprägend, dass sogar Ratgeber zur Rhetorik im TED-Stil des Storytellings erschienen sind (Edelkraut und Balzer 2016). Auch im Unterricht kann das Format eines TED-Talks als Vorbild genutzt werden, um Präsentationstechniken zu reflektieren und praktisch einzuüben. Zugleich wird Kritik bezüglich des Einkommensmodels der Organisation laut: Trotz hohen Einkünften aus Ticket-Preisen werden Redner*innen und Übersetzer*innen nicht bezahlt. Auch die Verherrlichung von Technologie und die Idealisierung eines/einer öffentlichkeitswirksamen Intellektuellen durch das Format wird kritisiert: Der/die Wissenschaftler*in wird zum Konsumobjekt und habe so nicht nur den Strukturen der akademischen Forschung, sondern auch den Zwängen der Konsumwelt zu gehorchen (Shumar 2016). Auch die Auswirkungen von amplifizierter Sichtbarkeit von nicht-akademischen Stimmen, insbesondere im Bereich der Technologie, gegenüber von wissenschaftlichen Ergebnissen kann kritisch betrachtet werden (Jurgenson 2012). Diese Problematik kann am Beispiel von Eric X. Lis Vortrag verdeutlicht werden: Eric X. Li ist Unternehmer, sein Vortrag wurde schon über drei Millionen Mal aufgerufen – Huang Yashengs wissenschaftliche Kritik im Format eines Blogbeitrages bzw. die Diskussion in den Seiten der Zeitschrift Foreign Affairs ist wohl kaum von ähnlich Vielen wahrgenommen worden. Viele der Nachteile, die in der hier dargestellten Form von Demokratie beschrieben sind, treffen eher auf angloamerikanische Systeme zu. Ihnen wird in Deutschland oft schon mit meritokratischen Elementen, indirekter Repräsentation, der Einschränkung direkter Demokratie und dem im Mehrparteiensystem unerlässlichen Kompromissstreben Rechnung getragen. (Odila Schröder, 30.4.2021) Verwendete Literatur 2596022
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22VLHY7T83%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Berggruen%20and%20Gardels%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EBerggruen%2C%20Nicolas%20und%20Nathan%20Gardels.%202013.%20%3Ci%3EKlug%20regieren%3A%20Politik%20f%26%23xFC%3Br%20das%2021.%20Jahrhundert%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%26%23xDC%3Bbers.%20von%20Heike%20Schlatterer.%20Freiburg%26%23x202F%3B%3B%20Basel%26%23x202F%3B%3B%20Wien%3A%20Herder.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVLHY7T83%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%27zp-Notes%27%3E%3Cp%3EEine%20abgeschw%5Cu00e4chte%20Variante%20der%20Meritokratie-These%20findet%20sich%20in%20diesem%20Buch%20des%20deutsch-amerikanischen%20Unternehmers%20und%20Gr%5Cu00fcnder%20des%20Berggruen%20China%20Centers%20Nicolas%20Berggruen%20und%20des%20Journalisten%20Herausgebers%20des%20Noema%20Magazins%20und%20Mitgr%5Cu00fcndes%20des%20Berggruen%20China%20Centers%2C%20Nathan%20Gardels.%3C%5C%2Fp%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Klug%20regieren%3A%20Politik%20f%5Cu00fcr%20das%2021.%20Jahrhundert%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nicolas%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Berggruen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gardels%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22translator%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Heike%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schlatterer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22contributor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerhard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schr%5Cu00f6der%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22ger%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-3-451-30753-9%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-05-21T11%3A30%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Y55PD9BE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Carlson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-11-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECarlson%2C%20Benjamin.%202013.%20When%20a%20TED%20talk%20is%20a%20propaganda%20tool.%20%3Ci%3ESalon%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%208.%20November.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.salon.com%5C%2F2013%5C%2F08%5C%2F11%5C%2Fted_talk_is_propaganda_tool_for_chinese_communism_partner%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.salon.com%5C%2F2013%5C%2F08%5C%2F11%5C%2Fted_talk_is_propaganda_tool_for_chinese_communism_partner%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%2021.%20April%202021%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DY55PD9BE%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22When%20a%20TED%20talk%20is%20a%20propaganda%20tool%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Benjamin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Carlson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20June%2C%20venture%20capitalist%20Eric%20X.%20Li%20used%20the%20platform%20to%20extoll%20the%20many%20virtues%20of%20China%27s%20authoritarian%20regime%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2211-08-2013%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.salon.com%5C%2F2013%5C%2F08%5C%2F11%5C%2Fted_talk_is_propaganda_tool_for_chinese_communism_partner%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-08-18T07%3A55%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22L6WQ2HWG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Edelkraut%20and%20Balzer%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EEdelkraut%2C%20Frank%20und%20Stephan%20Balzer.%202016.%20%3Ci%3EInspiring%21%20Kommunizieren%20im%20TED-Stil%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Wiesbaden%3A%20Springer%20Gabler.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DL6WQ2HWG%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%27zp-Notes%27%3E%3Cp%3EDieses%20Buch%20dient%20als%20Anleitung%20zur%20erfolgreichen%20Wissenschaftskommunikation%20im%20Stil%20eines%20TED-Talks.%20Dar%5Cu00fcber%20hinaus%20geht%20es%20auf%20die%20Wirkungen%20des%20Genres%20in%20Bezug%20auf%20globale%20Vernetzung%20und%20Innovations%20ein.%3C%5C%2Fp%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Inspiring%21%20Kommunizieren%20im%20TED-Stil%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Frank%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Edelkraut%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Balzer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22ger%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-3-658-09573-4%20978-3-658-09572-7%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-04-30T13%3A24%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MLNF7XGR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Huang%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-07-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHuang%2C%20Yasheng.%202013.%20A%20critique%20of%20Eric%20X.%20Li%26%23×2019%3Bs%20%26%23x201C%3BA%20tale%20of%20two%20political%20systems%26%23x201D%3B.%20%3Ci%3ETEDBlog%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%201.%20Juli.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fblog.ted.com%5C%2Fwhy-democracy-still-wins-a-critique-of-eric-x-lis-a-tale-of-two-political-systems%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fblog.ted.com%5C%2Fwhy-democracy-still-wins-a-critique-of-eric-x-lis-a-tale-of-two-political-systems%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%2021.%20April%202021%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMLNF7XGR%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20critique%20of%20Eric%20X.%20Li%5Cu2019s%20%5Cu201cA%20tale%20of%20two%20political%20systems%5Cu201d%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yasheng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22TEDGlobal%202011%20speaker%20Yasheng%20Huang%20critiques%20Eric%20X.%20Li%27s%20talk%20on%20the%20merits%20of%20the%20one-party%20system%20in%20China.%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22TEDBlog%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%5C%2F07%5C%2F01%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fblog.ted.com%5C%2Fwhy-democracy-still-wins-a-critique-of-eric-x-lis-a-tale-of-two-political-systems%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en-US%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-04-21T11%3A58%3A10Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2276DXIEUF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Huang%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHuang%2C%20Yasheng.%202013.%20Democratize%20or%20Die%3A%20Why%20China%26%23×2019%3Bs%20Communists%20Face%20Reform%20or%20Revolution%20Essay.%20%3Ci%3EForeign%20Affairs%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2092%2C%20Nr.%201%3A%2047%26%23×2013%3B54.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fheinonline.org%5C%2FHOL%5C%2FP%3Fh%3Dhein.journals%5C%2Ffora92%26i%3D83%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fheinonline.org%5C%2FHOL%5C%2FP%3Fh%3Dhein.journals%5C%2Ffora92%26i%3D83%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%2011.%20Dezember%202020%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D76DXIEUF%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Democratize%20or%20Die%3A%20Why%20China%27s%20Communists%20Face%20Reform%20or%20Revolution%20Essay%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yasheng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fheinonline.org%5C%2FHOL%5C%2FP%3Fh%3Dhein.journals%5C%2Ffora92%26i%3D83%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-03-28T10%3A05%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HST3LMNP%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jung%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-11-14%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJung%2C%20Chauncey.%202018.%20Even%20propagandist%20Eric%20X.%20Li%20falls%20victim%20to%20a%20new%20censorship%20campaign.%20%3Ci%3ESupChina%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%2014.%20November.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsupchina.com%5C%2F2018%5C%2F11%5C%2F14%5C%2Feven-propagandist-eric-x-li-falls-victim-to-a-new-censorship-campaign%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsupchina.com%5C%2F2018%5C%2F11%5C%2F14%5C%2Feven-propagandist-eric-x-li-falls-victim-to-a-new-censorship-campaign%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%2028.%20April%202021%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHST3LMNP%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Even%20propagandist%20Eric%20X.%20Li%20falls%20victim%20to%20a%20new%20censorship%20campaign%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chauncey%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jung%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20National%20Internet%20Information%20Office%20of%20China%2C%20the%20country%5Cu2019s%20top%20cyber%20authority%2C%20has%20launched%20yet%20another%20crackdown%20against%20online%20expression%2C%20with%20%5Cu201cself-media%2C%5Cu201d%20blogs%2C%20and%20microblogs%20squarely%20in%20the%20crosshairs.%20Platforms%20targeted%20include%20Weibo%2C%20the%20most%20popular%20microblogging%20site%20in%20China%2C%20and%20WeChat%2C%20the%20all-encompassing%20social%20app%20that%20has%20become%20the%20main%20source%20of%20information%20for%20millions%20of%20Chinese%20people.%20SupChina%20is%20your%20premier%20source%20for%20China%20news%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018-11-14T05%3A00%3A00%2B00%3A00%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsupchina.com%5C%2F2018%5C%2F11%5C%2F14%5C%2Feven-propagandist-eric-x-li-falls-victim-to-a-new-censorship-campaign%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en-US%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-04-28T11%3A50%3A00Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%224TKMWGZR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jurgenson%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012-02-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EJurgenson%2C%20Nathan.%202012.%20Against%20TED.%20%3Ci%3EThe%20New%20Inquiry%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%2015.%20Februar.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fthenewinquiry.com%5C%2Fagainst-ted%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fthenewinquiry.com%5C%2Fagainst-ted%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%2030.%20April%202021%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D4TKMWGZR%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Against%20TED%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Nathan%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jurgenson%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22TED%20talks%20are%20the%20Urban%20Outfitters%20of%20the%20ideas%20world%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22The%20New%20Inquiry%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012-02-15T17%3A36%3A06%2B00%3A00%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fthenewinquiry.com%5C%2Fagainst-ted%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en-US%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-04-30T14%3A50%3A46Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22EKT2B4GT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Li%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ELi%2C%20Eric%20X.%202013.%20The%20Life%20of%20the%20Party%3A%20The%20Post-Democratic%20Future%20Begins%20in%20China%20Essay.%20%3Ci%3EForeign%20Affairs%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2092%2C%20Nr.%201%3A%2034%26%23×2013%3B46.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fheinonline.org%5C%2FHOL%5C%2FP%3Fh%3Dhein.journals%5C%2Ffora92%26i%3D52%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fheinonline.org%5C%2FHOL%5C%2FP%3Fh%3Dhein.journals%5C%2Ffora92%26i%3D52%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%2011.%20Dezember%202020%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DEKT2B4GT%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%3Cdiv%20class%3D%27zp-Notes%27%3E%3Cp%3EDieser%20Artikel%2C%20publiziert%20in%20der%20renommierten%20Zeitschrift%20Foreign%20Affairs%2C%20kann%20als%20Grundlage%20und%20Ausf%5Cu00fchrung%20von%20Eric%20X.%20Lis%20TED-Talk%20verstanden%20und%20herangezogen%20werden.%3C%5C%2Fp%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Life%20of%20the%20Party%3A%20The%20Post-Democratic%20Future%20Begins%20in%20China%20Essay%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eric%20X.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Li%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fheinonline.org%5C%2FHOL%5C%2FP%3Fh%3Dhein.journals%5C%2Ffora92%26i%3D52%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%2C%229NCY3MZG%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-10-12T13%3A10%3A01Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RLY9QSYG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Shumar%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EShumar%2C%20Wesley.%202016.%20%26%23x201E%3BBeing%20TED%26%23x201C%3B%3A%20The%20university%20intellectual%20as%20globalised%20neoliberal%20consumer%20self.%20%3Ci%3ELearning%20and%20Teaching%3A%20The%20International%20Journal%20of%20Higher%20Education%20in%20the%20Social%20Sciences%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%209%2C%20Nr.%202%3A%2089%26%23×2013%3B108.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F44645786%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F44645786%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%2030.%20April%202021%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRLY9QSYG%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22%27Being%20TED%27%3A%20The%20university%20intellectual%20as%20globalised%20neoliberal%20consumer%20self%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Wesley%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shumar%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20focuses%20on%20the%20ways%20that%20modern%20American%20universities%20are%20engaged%20in%20the%20process%20of%20articulating%20new%20producing%20and%20consuming%20subjects.%20It%20argues%20that%20the%20image%20of%20the%20engaged%20%27media%20celebrity%27%20intellectual%2C%20as%20presented%20in%20the%20TED%20Talk%20model%2C%20has%20become%20a%20cultural%20ideal%20that%20reconciles%20a%20deeper%20contradiction%20in%20the%20academy.%20Through%20a%20complex%20process%2C%20university%20faculty%20and%20students%20are%20assimilated%20into%20the%20globalised%20lifestyle%20and%20the%20identity%20of%20cosmopolitans%20by%20participating%20in%20a%20social%20space%20that%20is%20at%20once%20an%20upscale%20shopping%20mall%20and%20at%20the%20same%20time%20a%20high%20tech%20corporate%20research%20park.%20This%20global%20elite%20is%20forged%20first%20out%20of%20individuals%20who%20make%20it%20through%20the%20university%20and%20then%20secondly%20out%20of%20those%20university%20students%20who%20successfully%20excel%20under%20the%20twin%20pressures%20of%20elite%20production%20and%20consumption.%20Most%20student%2C%20faculty%20and%20universities%20fall%20short%20of%20this%20ideal.%20But%20by%20watching%20TED%20talks%20they%20can%20aspire%20to%20this%20fantasy%20ideal%20through%20the%20image%20of%20the%20media%20celebrity%20intellectual.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221755-2273%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F44645786%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-04-30T13%3A40%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22S8DKGGAV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013-12-30%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EO%26%23xA0%3BA.%202013.%20We%20need%20to%20talk%20about%20TED%20%7C%20Benjamin%20Bratton.%20%3Ci%3Ethe%20Guardian%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%2030.%20Dezember.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.theguardian.com%5C%2Fcommentisfree%5C%2F2013%5C%2Fdec%5C%2F30%5C%2Fwe-need-to-talk-about-ted%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.theguardian.com%5C%2Fcommentisfree%5C%2F2013%5C%2Fdec%5C%2F30%5C%2Fwe-need-to-talk-about-ted%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%2030.%20April%202021%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DS8DKGGAV%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22We%20need%20to%20talk%20about%20TED%20%7C%20Benjamin%20Bratton%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Benjamin%20Bratton%3A%20Science%2C%20philosophy%20and%20technology%20run%20on%20the%20model%20of%20American%20Idol%20%5Cu2013%20as%20embodied%20by%20TED%20talks%20%5Cu2013%20is%20a%20recipe%20for%20civilisational%20disaster%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013-12-30T09%3A30%3A00.000Z%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.theguardian.com%5C%2Fcommentisfree%5C%2F2013%5C%2Fdec%5C%2F30%5C%2Fwe-need-to-talk-about-ted%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-04-30T14%3A37%3A09Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Berggruen, Nicolas und Nathan Gardels. 2013. Klug regieren: Politik für das 21. Jahrhundert. Übers. von Heike Schlatterer. Freiburg ; Basel ; Wien: Herder. Zitieren
Eine abgeschwächte Variante der Meritokratie-These findet sich in diesem Buch des deutsch-amerikanischen Unternehmers und Gründer des Berggruen China Centers Nicolas Berggruen und des Journalisten Herausgebers des Noema Magazins und Mitgründes des Berggruen China Centers, Nathan Gardels.
Carlson, Benjamin. 2013. When a TED talk is a propaganda tool. Salon. 8. November. https://www.salon.com/2013/08/11/ted_talk_is_propaganda_tool_for_chinese_communism_partner/ (zugegriffen: 21. April 2021). Zitieren
Edelkraut, Frank und Stephan Balzer. 2016. Inspiring! Kommunizieren im TED-Stil. Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler. Zitieren
Dieses Buch dient als Anleitung zur erfolgreichen Wissenschaftskommunikation im Stil eines TED-Talks. Darüber hinaus geht es auf die Wirkungen des Genres in Bezug auf globale Vernetzung und Innovations ein.
Huang, Yasheng. 2013. A critique of Eric X. Li’s “A tale of two political systems”. TEDBlog. 1. Juli. https://blog.ted.com/why-democracy-still-wins-a-critique-of-eric-x-lis-a-tale-of-two-political-systems/ (zugegriffen: 21. April 2021). Zitieren
Huang, Yasheng. 2013. Democratize or Die: Why China’s Communists Face Reform or Revolution Essay. Foreign Affairs 92, Nr. 1: 47–54. https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/fora92&i=83 (zugegriffen: 11. Dezember 2020). Zitieren
Jung, Chauncey. 2018. Even propagandist Eric X. Li falls victim to a new censorship campaign. SupChina. 14. November. https://supchina.com/2018/11/14/even-propagandist-eric-x-li-falls-victim-to-a-new-censorship-campaign/ (zugegriffen: 28. April 2021). Zitieren
Jurgenson, Nathan. 2012. Against TED. The New Inquiry. 15. Februar. https://thenewinquiry.com/against-ted/ (zugegriffen: 30. April 2021). Zitieren
Li, Eric X. 2013. The Life of the Party: The Post-Democratic Future Begins in China Essay. Foreign Affairs 92, Nr. 1: 34–46. https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/fora92&i=52 (zugegriffen: 11. Dezember 2020). Zitieren
Dieser Artikel, publiziert in der renommierten Zeitschrift Foreign Affairs, kann als Grundlage und Ausführung von Eric X. Lis TED-Talk verstanden und herangezogen werden.
Shumar, Wesley. 2016. „Being TED“: The university intellectual as globalised neoliberal consumer self. Learning and Teaching: The International Journal of Higher Education in the Social Sciences 9, Nr. 2: 89–108. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44645786 (zugegriffen: 30. April 2021). Zitieren
O A. 2013. We need to talk about TED | Benjamin Bratton. the Guardian. 30. Dezember. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/30/we-need-to-talk-about-ted (zugegriffen: 30. April 2021). Zitieren
|
M5.1: Zufriedenheit und Demokratieverständnis
Wie zufrieden sind die Bürger*innen der Volksrepublik China (VR China) mit ihrer Regierung? Strebt die Bevölkerung der VR China nach Demokratie oder präferiert sie eine von Expert*innen geführte Regierung?
Zur Einsicht detaillierter Quellenangaben sowie weiterführender Informationen und Literaturhinweise zum Material besuchen Sie bitte die Plattform ChinaPerspektiven. [https://www.china-schul-akademie.de/materialien/m-wrc-m5-1/]
Weiterführende Informationen
Autor | Titel | Datum | Bildrechte | Objektbeschreibung | Einordnung |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Autor*in: Odila Schröder | Titel: Zufriedenheit und Demokratieverständnis der Bevölkerung der Volksrepublik China | Datum: 28.06.2021 | Rechte: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Objektbeschreibung: Diagramm und Hintergrundinformationen zur Zufriedenheit der Bevölkerung der Volksrepublik China mit der Regierung des Landes. | Einordnung: Die Daten zur Zufriedenheit in Abhängigkeit von der Regierungsebene stammen aus einem Report des Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation (Zentrum für Demokratische Regierung und Innovation) der Harvard Kennedy School: „Understanding CCP Resilience: Surveying Chinese Public Opinion Through Time” (die Stabilität der KPCh verstehen: Eine Erhebung der öffentlichen Meinung der chinesischen Bevölkerung) (Cunningham, Saich, und Turiel 2020, 2–3). Alle weiteren Daten stammen aus dem World Values Survey (Haerpfer u. a. 2020), einer regelmäßig durchgeführten, großangelegten Studie. Die hier dargestellten Daten wurden zwischen Juli und Oktober 2018 vom Center for Public Opinion Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Zentrum für Meinungsforschung der Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Shanghai Jiaotong Daxue 上海交通大学)) unter der Leitung von Yang Zhong erhoben (Yang 2018). Dabei wurden die auf Chinesisch gestellten Fragen in Anlehnung an die Formulierungen der in Deutschland gestellten Fragen rückübersetzt. Die Rundung von Nachkommastellen im World Values Survey führt teilweise zu einer Summe von leicht unter 100%.
Während Umfrageergebnisse die hohe Zufriedenheit der Bevölkerung mit der Zentralregierung immer wieder bestätigen, werden Erhebungsmethoden, Aussagekraft, Implikationen und Vergleichbarkeit der Ergebnisse kontrovers diskutiert. Die von Forschern und Experten für Meinungsumfragen in China vorgelegte Studie des Ash Center zur Zufriedenheit der chinesischen Bevölkerung mit der Regierung der Volksrepublik China (VR China) auf Zentral- und Lokalebene zwischen 2003-2016 ist die langfristigste unabhängige Studie dieser Art. Ähnliche Ergebnisse haben andere Studien ergeben: So zum Beispiel das Asian Barometer Survey, eine Studie, die seit 2001 regelmäßig am Hu Fu Center für East Asia Democratic Studies der National Taiwan University unter der Leitung von Yun-han Chu durchgeführt wird (Hu Fu Center for East Asia Democratic Studies 2021). Befragt wird eine randomisierte Gruppe in persönlichen Interviews (die nach sozioökonomischen Gesichtspunkten repräsentativ ausgewählt, bzw. deren Ergebnisse entsprechend gewichtet werden). Zweifel an Umfrageergebnissen dieser Art wird vehement diskutiert und ist Gegenstand weiterer Studien. So weist Huang Yasheng in seiner Kritik von Eric X. Lis Legitimitäts-Behauptungen auf Verzerrungen von Umfrageergebnissen durch die Einschränkung von Meinungsfreiheit und eine Art Prüfungsmentalität hin (Huang 2013, 47). Kritiker*innen verweisen außerdem auf die aktive Beeinflussung der öffentlichen Meinung durch die Regierung: negative Informationen werden zensiert, andere positiv „gedreht“, Nationalismus wird bewusst gefördert und politisches Desinteresse durch fehlende Partizipationsmöglichkeiten befördert (Che 2020). Zudem sind die Möglichkeiten der freien Meinungsäußerungen in der Presse und im Internet stark eingeschränkt. Grundsätzliche Kritik an der Zentralregierung, an der KPCh oder am politischen System an sich werden kaum geduldet. Auch im Asian Barometer Survey durften zwei der Standardfragen zu Einparteienstaat und einem „starken Führer“ nicht gestellt werden (Chu u. a. 2008, 25). Hinweise darauf, dass Selbstzensur Umfrageergebnisse in sensiblen Fragen stark verzerrt gibt es – aber selbst nach einer „Korrektur“ mit Hilfe anderer Umfragemethoden genießt die Regierung noch überraschend hohe Zustimmung (Robinson und Tannenberg 2019, 4–5). Die Autor*innen des Asian Barometer Survey gehen davon aus, dass die Zahlen robust sind, da sie von qualitativen Interviews und verschiedenen Fragemethoden gestützt werden (Chu 2013, 39). Eine Analyse der Umfrageergebnisse des Asian Barometer Survey zur VR China findet sich in dem ersten, auf Grundlage der Daten entstandenen Buch How East Asians View Democracy (Shi 2008). Die Daten, die im Jahr 2002 erhoben wurden, zeigen eindeutig eine Ablehnung eines autoritären politischen Regimes, in dem „Experten alles entscheiden“. 74,5% lehnen die Aussage „Wir sollten Experten alles für die Bevölkerung entscheiden lassen“ ab (Chu u. a. 2008, 25). 72,3% der Befragten gaben an, dass Demokratie „jetzt wünschenswert“ für die VR China wäre. 67% geben an, dass Demokratie „jetzt passend“ für die VR China wäre (Chu u. a. 2008, 22). Darüber hinaus hielten 44,5% der Befragten das Regime für „etwas demokratisch“ und 18,4% für „sehr demokratisch“, 25,1% machten keine Angabe (Shi 2008, 219). Shi begründet die teilweise paradox erscheinenden Ergebnisse mit der Elastizität des Demokratiebegriffes. So beziehen sich von den über 60% der Befragten, die das System der VR China im Jahr 2002 für „etwas bzw. sehr demokratisch“ hielten, auf unterschiedliche Demokratiebegriffe: In einer offenen Frage nach dem Demokratieverständnis wurden von verschiedenen Befragten sowohl ein Demokratieverständnis ausschließlich im Sinne der Parteilinie (Demokratie als Kernwert des Sozialismus, bzw. demokratischer Zentralismus, ca. 18,3%) als auch ausschließlich liberale Demokratieverständnisse (Betonung von Freiheiten und Partizipation, ca. 15,4%) benannt (Shi 2008, 215–16). Für eine Erklärung eines Demokratieverständnisses auf Parteilinie siehe Decoding China (Drinhausen 2021). Insgesamt war die Unterstützung von demokratischen Werten stark mit formeller Bildung assoziiert (Shi 2008, 234–35). Eine Studie des Politikwissenschaftlers Peng Hu der Fudan Univerisity (Fudan Daxue 复旦大学), die sowohl quantitative als auch qualitative Methoden nutzte, zeigte 2018, dass das Demokratieverständnis der Bevölkerung sich in Richtung Freiheit und politische Partizipation entwickelt (Hu 2018, 1449–52). Da die Ergebnisse des Asian Barometer Survey von 2002 veraltet sind, entstammen die in M6.1 dargestellten Daten dem World Values Survey. Die Umfrage wurde zwischen Juli und Oktober 2018 vom Center for Public Opinion Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Zentrum für Meinungsforschung der Shanghai Jiao Tong University (Shanghai Jiaotong Daxue 上海交通大学)) unter der Leitung von Yang Zhong durchgeführt (Yang 2018) (Haerpfer u. a. 2020). Auch diese Umfragedaten bezeugen die Zufriedenheit der Bevölkerung mit der Regierung, allerdings macht die skalierte Auffächerung der Zufriedenheit, anstelle einer binären Darstellung, eine differenziertere Betrachtung der Lage möglich. Besonders interessant und in den Fokus wissenschaftlicher Forschung gerückt ist die Diskrepanz der Zufriedenheit zwischen Lokal- und Zentralregierung. Im Kontrast zu anderen Ländern in Asien lässt sich in der VR China „hierarchisches Vertrauen“ beobachten (also größeres Vertrauen gegenüber der Zentralregierung). Erklärt wird diese Diskrepanz z.B. in einer auf den Daten des Asian Barometer Survey basierenden Studie mit von der Zentralregierung ausgehenden politischen Kontrolle der medialen Darstellung verschiedener Regierungsebenen und Angst vor Meinungsäußerung (Wu und Wilkes 2018). Die Daten spiegeln zudem die Ablehnung einer Expertenregierung und die Vorliebe für ein demokratisches politisches System wider. Wie auch im Asian Barometer Survey muss diese Zustimmung zur Demokratie allerdings mit dem Demokratieverständnis der Befragten kontextualisiert werden. Verwendete Literatur 2596022
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22S84BJQEE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Che%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020-08-25%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChe%2C%20Chang.%202020.%20Do%20Chinese%20people%20support%20their%20government%3F%20Here%26%23×2019%3Bs%20why%20it%26%23×2019%3Bs%20hard%20to%20tell.%20%3Ci%3ESupChina%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%2025.%20August.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsupchina.com%5C%2F2020%5C%2F08%5C%2F25%5C%2Fdo-chinese-people-support-their-government-hard-to-tell%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsupchina.com%5C%2F2020%5C%2F08%5C%2F25%5C%2Fdo-chinese-people-support-their-government-hard-to-tell%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%207.%20Juni%202021%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DS84BJQEE%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Do%20Chinese%20people%20support%20their%20government%3F%20Here%27s%20why%20it%27s%20hard%20to%20tell%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chang%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Che%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22A%20recent%20Harvard%20Ash%20Center%20study%20found%20that%20Chinese%20people%20are%20generally%20happier%20with%20their%20government%20now%20than%20ever.%20But%20there%20are%20at%20least%20three%20reasons%20why%20China%5Cu2019s%20public%20satisfaction%20numbers%20may%20not%20reflect%20performance.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020-08-25T16%3A24%3A28%2B00%3A00%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fsupchina.com%5C%2F2020%5C%2F08%5C%2F25%5C%2Fdo-chinese-people-support-their-government-hard-to-tell%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en-US%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-07T15%3A57%3A29Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QP2LAGVQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chu%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChu%2C%20Yun-han.%202013.%20Sources%20of%20Regime%20Legitimacy%20and%20the%20Debate%20over%20the%20Chinese%20Model.%20%3Ci%3EChina%20Review%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2013%2C%20Nr.%201%3A%201%26%23×2013%3B42.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F23462227%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F23462227%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%2020.%20Mai%202021%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DQP2LAGVQ%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sources%20of%20Regime%20Legitimacy%20and%20the%20Debate%20over%20the%20Chinese%20Model%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yun-han%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20reexamines%20the%20ongoing%20debate%20over%20the%20legitimacy%20of%20the%20Chinese%20Communist%20Party%20regime%20through%20a%20rigorous%20analysis%20of%20a%20recent%20Asian%20Barometer%20Survey%20data%20from%20mainland%20China.%20It%20evaluates%20the%20empirical%20evidences%20related%20to%20three%20key%20issues%5Cu2014to%20what%20extent%20the%20CCP%20regime%20is%20facing%20a%20legitimacy%20crisis%2C%20what%20factors%20help%20sustain%20the%20regime%27s%20political%20support%2C%20and%20whether%20the%20regime%20can%20defy%20the%20gravitation%20toward%20liberal%20democracy%20in%20the%20process%20of%20rapid%20socioeconomic%20modernization.%20There%20is%20no%20strong%20evidence%20suggesting%20that%20the%20regime%27s%20popular%20foundation%20is%20highly%20or%20exclusively%20dependent%20on%20its%20superior%20economic%20performance%20or%20its%20manipulation%20of%20nationalist%20zeal.%20Our%20analysis%20lends%20its%20support%20to%20the%20culturalist%20argument%20about%20the%20prevailing%20influence%20of%20the%20traditional%20concepts%20of%20political%20legitimacy%20as%20well%20as%20the%20institutionalist%20argument%20about%20the%20importance%20of%20perceived%20characteristics%20of%20the%20political%20system.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221680-2012%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.jstor.org%5C%2Fstable%5C%2F23462227%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-05-22T14%3A23%3A45Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22I6NZ8SY2%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Chu%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008-09-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EChu%2C%20Yun-han%2C%20Larry%20Diamond%2C%20Andrew%20J.%20Nathan%20und%20Doh%20Chull%20Shin.%202008.%20%3Ci%3EHow%20East%20Asians%20View%20Democracy%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Columbia%20University%20Press.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DI6NZ8SY2%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22How%20East%20Asians%20View%20Democracy%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yun-han%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Larry%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Diamond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nathan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Doh%20Chull%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22East%20Asian%20democracies%20are%20in%20trouble%2C%20their%20legitimacy%20threatened%20by%20poor%20policy%20performance%20and%20undermined%20by%20nostalgia%20for%20the%20progrowth%2C%20soft-authoritarian%20regimes%20of%20the%20past.%20Yet%20citizens%20throughout%20the%20region%20value%20freedom%2C%20reject%20authoritarian%20alternatives%2C%20and%20believe%20in%20democracy.%20This%20book%20is%20the%20first%20to%20report%20the%20results%20of%20a%20large-scale%20survey-research%20project%2C%20the%20East%20Asian%20Barometer%2C%20in%20which%20eight%20research%20teams%20conducted%20national-sample%20surveys%20in%20five%20new%20democracies%20%28Korea%2C%20Taiwan%2C%20the%20Philippines%2C%20Thailand%2C%20and%20Mongolia%29%2C%20one%20established%20democracy%20%28Japan%29%2C%20and%20two%20nondemocracies%20%28China%20and%20Hong%20Kong%29%20in%20order%20to%20assess%20the%20prospects%20for%20democratic%20consolidation.%20The%20findings%20present%20a%20definitive%20account%20of%20the%20way%20in%20which%20East%20Asians%20understand%20their%20governments%20and%20their%20roles%20as%20citizens.%20Contributors%20use%20their%20expert%20local%20knowledge%20to%20analyze%20responses%20from%20a%20set%20of%20core%20questions%2C%20revealing%20both%20common%20patterns%20and%20national%20characteristics%20in%20citizens%27%20views%20of%20democracy.%20They%20explore%20sources%20of%20divergence%20and%20convergence%20in%20attitudes%20within%20and%20across%20nations.%20The%20findings%20are%20sobering.%20Japanese%20citizens%20are%20disillusioned.%20The%20region%27s%20new%20democracies%20have%20yet%20to%20prove%20themselves%2C%20and%20citizens%20in%20authoritarian%20China%20assess%20their%20regime%27s%20democratic%20performance%20relatively%20favorably.%20The%20contributors%20to%20this%20volume%20contradict%20the%20claim%20that%20democratic%20governance%20is%20incompatible%20with%20East%20Asian%20cultures%20but%20counsel%20against%20complacency%20toward%20the%20fate%20of%20democracy%20in%20the%20region.%20While%20many%20forces%20affect%20democratic%20consolidation%2C%20popular%20attitudes%20are%20a%20crucial%20factor.%20This%20book%20shows%20how%20and%20why%20skepticism%20and%20frustration%20are%20the%20ruling%20sentiments%20among%20today%27s%20East%20Asians.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008-09-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-231-51783-6%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-05-22T14%3A23%3A39Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22L8W6FCXF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Cunningham%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ECunningham%2C%20Edward%2C%20Tony%20Saich%20und%20Jessie%20Turiel.%202020.%20Understanding%20CCP%20Resilience%3A%20Surveying%20Chinese%20Public%20Opinion%20Through%20Time.%20Harvard%20Kennedy%20School%20Ash%20Center%20for%20Democratic%20Governance%20and%20Innovation.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fash.harvard.edu%5C%2Ffiles%5C%2Fash%5C%2Ffiles%5C%2Ffinal_policy_brief_7.6.2020.pdf%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fash.harvard.edu%5C%2Ffiles%5C%2Fash%5C%2Ffiles%5C%2Ffinal_policy_brief_7.6.2020.pdf%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DL8W6FCXF%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Understanding%20CCP%20Resilience%3A%20Surveying%20Chinese%20Public%20Opinion%20Through%20Time%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edward%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cunningham%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tony%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Saich%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jessie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Turiel%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fash.harvard.edu%5C%2Ffiles%5C%2Fash%5C%2Ffiles%5C%2Ffinal_policy_brief_7.6.2020.pdf%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-07T16%3A50%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22PDTK5ZGZ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Drinhausen%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EDrinhausen%2C%20Katja.%202021.%20Democracy%20%5C%2F%20%26%23x6C11%3B%26%23x4E3B%3B.%20%3Ci%3EDecoding%20China%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdecodingchina.eu%5C%2Fdemocracy%5C%2F%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdecodingchina.eu%5C%2Fdemocracy%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%2020.%20Mai%202021%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DPDTK5ZGZ%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22blogPost%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Democracy%20%5C%2F%20%5Cu6c11%5Cu4e3b%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katja%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Drinhausen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22blogTitle%22%3A%22Decoding%20China%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdecodingchina.eu%5C%2Fdemocracy%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en-US%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-03-28T10%3A07%3A59Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%222TDYJXJ3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Haerpfer%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHaerpfer%2C%20Christian%2C%20Ronald%20Inglehart%2C%20Alejandro%20Moreno%2C%20Chris%20Welzel%2C%20Kseniya%20Kizilova%2C%20Jaime%20Diez-Medrano%2C%20Marta%20Lagos%2C%20Pippa%20Norris%2C%20Eduard%20Ponarin%20und%20Bi%20Puranen.%202020.%20%3Ci%3EWorld%20Values%20Survey%3A%20Round%20Seven%20-%20Country-Pooled%20Datafile%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20Madrid%3B%20Wien%3A%20JD%20Systems%20Institute%20%26amp%3B%20WVSA%20Secretariat.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27doi.org%5C%2F10.14281%5C%2F18241.1%27%3Edoi.org%5C%2F10.14281%5C%2F18241.1%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%2022.%20Mai%202021%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D2TDYJXJ3%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22World%20Values%20Survey%3A%20Round%20Seven%20-%20Country-Pooled%20Datafile%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Haerpfer%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ronald%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Inglehart%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Alejandro%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Moreno%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chris%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Welzel%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Kseniya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kizilova%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jaime%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Diez-Medrano%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lagos%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pippa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Norris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Eduard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ponarin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Puranen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222020%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22doi.org%5C%2F10.14281%5C%2F18241.1%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-03-28T10%3A28%3A27Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22KBMCQH42%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hu%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-11-17%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A3%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHu%2C%20Peng.%202018.%20Popular%20understanding%20of%20democracy%20in%20contemporary%20China.%20%3Ci%3EDemocratization%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2025%2C%20Nr.%208%20%2817.%20November%29%3A%201441%26%23×2013%3B1459.%20doi%3A10.1080%5C%2F13510347.2018.1482534%2C%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F13510347.2018.1482534%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F13510347.2018.1482534%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%2021.%20Mai%202021%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DKBMCQH42%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Popular%20understanding%20of%20democracy%20in%20contemporary%20China%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Hu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22By%20taking%20the%20official%20state%20ideology%20into%20consideration%2C%20this%20article%20seeks%20to%20contribute%20to%20the%20study%20of%20public%20opinion%20of%20democracy%20under%20non-democratic%20regimes%20by%20analysing%20both%20qualitative%20and%20quantitative%20evidence%20collected%20in%20China.%20An%20examination%20of%20the%20ruling%20Chinese%20Communist%20Party%20%28CCP%29%5Cu2019s%20discourse%20on%20democracy%20reveals%20that%20the%20CCP%20endorses%20popular%20sovereignty%20and%20political%20participation%20while%20denying%20political%20contestation.%20Meanwhile%2C%20the%20concept%20of%20democracy%20can%20have%20three%20distinctive%20meanings%20among%20ordinary%20Chinese%3A%20democracy%20as%20freedom%2C%20democracy%20as%20political%20participation%20to%20ensure%20government%20accountability%2C%20and%20democracy%20as%20good%20socio-economic%20performance.%20Survey%20data%20show%20that%20the%20majority%20of%20informed%20Chinese%20respondents%20treat%20democracy%20as%20political%20participation%20to%20ensure%20government%20accountability%2C%20which%20indicates%20that%20Chinese%20understanding%20of%20democracy%20has%20reached%20to%20a%20certain%20degree%20of%20consensus%20that%20is%20closer%20to%20universally-shared%20idea%20of%20democracy%20rather%20than%20being%20culturally%20distinctive.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22November%2017%2C%202018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F13510347.2018.1482534%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221351-0347%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F13510347.2018.1482534%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-05-21T16%3A14%3A25Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225SYL26YX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Hu%20Fu%20Center%20for%20East%20Asia%20Democratic%20Studies%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHu%20Fu%20Center%20for%20East%20Asia%20Democratic%20Studies.%202021.%20Asian%20Barometer.%20%3Ci%3E%26%23x53F0%3B%26%23×5927%3B%26%23x80E1%3B%26%23x4F5B%3B%26%23×6771%3B%26%23x4E9E%3B%26%23x6C11%3B%26%23x4E3B%3B%26%23×7814%3B%26%23x7A76%3B%26%23x4E2D%3B%26%23x5FC3%3B%20Asian%20Barometer%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.asianbarometer.org%5C%2F%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.asianbarometer.org%5C%2F%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%2020.%20Mai%202021%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5SYL26YX%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Asian%20Barometer%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Hu%20Fu%20Center%20for%20East%20Asia%20Democratic%20Studies%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.asianbarometer.org%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-05-22T14%3A23%3A14Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227IFSKZJ9%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Huang%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-06%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHuang%2C%20Hsin-Hao.%202018.%20Exploring%20Citizens%26%23×2019%3B%20Hierarchical%20Government%20Satisfaction%3A%20Evidence%20from%20China%20and%20Taiwan.%20%3Ci%3EJapanese%20Journal%20of%20Political%20Science%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2019%2C%20Nr.%202%20%28Juni%29%3A%20122%26%23×2013%3B145.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS1468109918000026%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1017%5C%2FS1468109918000026%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%2C%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cambridge.org%5C%2Fcore%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fjapanese-journal-of-political-science%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fexploring-citizens-hierarchical-government-satisfaction-evidence-from-china-and-taiwan%5C%2FAB9EBE6DE463028E9C40EF60A8B69311%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cambridge.org%5C%2Fcore%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fjapanese-journal-of-political-science%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fexploring-citizens-hierarchical-government-satisfaction-evidence-from-china-and-taiwan%5C%2FAB9EBE6DE463028E9C40EF60A8B69311%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%2020.%20Mai%202021%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D7IFSKZJ9%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Exploring%20Citizens%5Cu2019%20Hierarchical%20Government%20Satisfaction%3A%20Evidence%20from%20China%20and%20Taiwan%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hsin-Hao%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Although%20the%20importance%20of%20public%20satisfaction%20is%20well%20documented%2C%20few%20studies%20have%20been%20conducted%20on%20the%20diversity%20of%20citizens%5Cu2019%20evaluations%20of%20the%20various%20levels%20of%20government.%20This%20study%20explored%20hierarchical%20government%20satisfaction%20among%20the%20public%20in%20two%20culturally%20Chinese%20societies%2C%20namely%20China%20and%20Taiwan.%20Basing%20the%20analysis%20on%20the%20perspective%20of%20responsibility%20attribution%2C%20this%20paper%20proposes%20that%20the%20two%20publics%5Cu2019%20distinctive%20perceptions%2C%20which%20are%20shaped%20by%20different%20information%20flows%2C%20lead%20hierarchical%20government%20satisfaction%20in%20the%20two%20societies%20in%20separate%20directions.%20This%20argument%20is%20supported%20by%20the%20empirical%20findings%20from%20the%20sixth%20wave%20of%20the%20World%20Values%20Survey.%20The%20findings%20confirm%20that%20personal%20evaluations%2C%20including%20household%20economic%20satisfaction%2C%20democratic%20evaluation%2C%20and%20public%20service%20confidence%2C%20exert%20more%20influence%20over%20local%20government%20satisfaction%20in%20China%2C%20but%20conversely%20have%20a%20greater%20impact%20on%20central%20government%20satisfaction%20in%20Taiwan.%20Moreover%2C%20these%20evaluations%20are%20shown%20to%20affect%20hierarchical%20government%20satisfaction%20differently%20in%20the%20two%20societies.%20The%20evidence%20reveals%20that%20the%20two%20publics%20attribute%20blame%20for%20problems%20to%20different%20administrative%20objects%3A%20Chinese%20citizens%20tend%20to%20blame%20local%20governments%2C%20whereas%20Taiwanese%20citizens%20are%20inclined%20to%20criticize%20the%20central%20government.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%5C%2F06%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1017%5C%2FS1468109918000026%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221468-1099%2C%201474-0060%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.cambridge.org%5C%2Fcore%5C%2Fjournals%5C%2Fjapanese-journal-of-political-science%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fexploring-citizens-hierarchical-government-satisfaction-evidence-from-china-and-taiwan%5C%2FAB9EBE6DE463028E9C40EF60A8B69311%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-05-20T10%3A55%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2276DXIEUF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Huang%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EHuang%2C%20Yasheng.%202013.%20Democratize%20or%20Die%3A%20Why%20China%26%23×2019%3Bs%20Communists%20Face%20Reform%20or%20Revolution%20Essay.%20%3Ci%3EForeign%20Affairs%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2092%2C%20Nr.%201%3A%2047%26%23×2013%3B54.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fheinonline.org%5C%2FHOL%5C%2FP%3Fh%3Dhein.journals%5C%2Ffora92%26i%3D83%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fheinonline.org%5C%2FHOL%5C%2FP%3Fh%3Dhein.journals%5C%2Ffora92%26i%3D83%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%2011.%20Dezember%202020%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D76DXIEUF%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Democratize%20or%20Die%3A%20Why%20China%27s%20Communists%20Face%20Reform%20or%20Revolution%20Essay%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yasheng%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Huang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222013%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fheinonline.org%5C%2FHOL%5C%2FP%3Fh%3Dhein.journals%5C%2Ffora92%26i%3D83%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222022-03-28T10%3A05%3A47Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N2VXY63B%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Robinson%20and%20Tannenberg%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222019-07-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A2%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3ERobinson%2C%20Darrel%20und%20Marcus%20Tannenberg.%202019.%20Self-censorship%20of%20regime%20support%20in%20authoritarian%20states%3A%20Evidence%20from%20list%20experiments%20in%20China%3A%20%3Ci%3EResearch%20%26amp%3B%20Politics%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%20%2812.%20Juli%29.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F2053168019856449%27%3Ehttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F2053168019856449%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%2C%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F2053168019856449%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F2053168019856449%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%2012.%20Januar%202021%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DN2VXY63B%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Self-censorship%20of%20regime%20support%20in%20authoritarian%20states%3A%20Evidence%20from%20list%20experiments%20in%20China%3A%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Darrel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robinson%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Marcus%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Tannenberg%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20study%20of%20popular%20support%20for%20authoritarian%20regimes%20has%20long%20relied%20on%20the%20assumption%20that%20respondents%20provide%20truthful%20answers%20to%20surveys.%20However%2C%20when%20mea…%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22July%2012%2C%202019%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F2053168019856449%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F2053168019856449%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-07T16%3A55%3A08Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZSVHKP7R%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Shi%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008-09-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EShi%2C%20Tianjian.%202008.%20China.%20Democratic%20Values%20Supporting%20an%20Authoritarian%20System.%20In%3A%20%3Ci%3EHow%20East%20Asians%20View%20Democracy%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20hg.%20von%20Yun-han%20Chu%2C%20Larry%20Diamond%2C%20Andrew%20J.%20Nathan%2C%20und%20Doh%20Chull%20Shin%2C%20209%26%23×2013%3B237.%20Columbia%20University%20Press%2C%201.%20September.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZSVHKP7R%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22China.%20Democratic%20Values%20Supporting%20an%20Authoritarian%20System%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Yun-han%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Chu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Larry%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Diamond%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Andrew%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nathan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Doh%20Chull%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tianjian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Shi%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22East%20Asian%20democracies%20are%20in%20trouble%2C%20their%20legitimacy%20threatened%20by%20poor%20policy%20performance%20and%20undermined%20by%20nostalgia%20for%20the%20progrowth%2C%20soft-authoritarian%20regimes%20of%20the%20past.%20Yet%20citizens%20throughout%20the%20region%20value%20freedom%2C%20reject%20authoritarian%20alternatives%2C%20and%20believe%20in%20democracy.%20This%20book%20is%20the%20first%20to%20report%20the%20results%20of%20a%20large-scale%20survey-research%20project%2C%20the%20East%20Asian%20Barometer%2C%20in%20which%20eight%20research%20teams%20conducted%20national-sample%20surveys%20in%20five%20new%20democracies%20%28Korea%2C%20Taiwan%2C%20the%20Philippines%2C%20Thailand%2C%20and%20Mongolia%29%2C%20one%20established%20democracy%20%28Japan%29%2C%20and%20two%20nondemocracies%20%28China%20and%20Hong%20Kong%29%20in%20order%20to%20assess%20the%20prospects%20for%20democratic%20consolidation.%20The%20findings%20present%20a%20definitive%20account%20of%20the%20way%20in%20which%20East%20Asians%20understand%20their%20governments%20and%20their%20roles%20as%20citizens.%20Contributors%20use%20their%20expert%20local%20knowledge%20to%20analyze%20responses%20from%20a%20set%20of%20core%20questions%2C%20revealing%20both%20common%20patterns%20and%20national%20characteristics%20in%20citizens%27%20views%20of%20democracy.%20They%20explore%20sources%20of%20divergence%20and%20convergence%20in%20attitudes%20within%20and%20across%20nations.%20The%20findings%20are%20sobering.%20Japanese%20citizens%20are%20disillusioned.%20The%20region%27s%20new%20democracies%20have%20yet%20to%20prove%20themselves%2C%20and%20citizens%20in%20authoritarian%20China%20assess%20their%20regime%27s%20democratic%20performance%20relatively%20favorably.%20The%20contributors%20to%20this%20volume%20contradict%20the%20claim%20that%20democratic%20governance%20is%20incompatible%20with%20East%20Asian%20cultures%20but%20counsel%20against%20complacency%20toward%20the%20fate%20of%20democracy%20in%20the%20region.%20While%20many%20forces%20affect%20democratic%20consolidation%2C%20popular%20attitudes%20are%20a%20crucial%20factor.%20This%20book%20shows%20how%20and%20why%20skepticism%20and%20frustration%20are%20the%20ruling%20sentiments%20among%20today%27s%20East%20Asians.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22How%20East%20Asians%20View%20Democracy%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008-09-01%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-231-51783-6%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-05-22T14%3A23%3A26Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%225F86VUC8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wu%20and%20Wilkes%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018-09-01%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EWu%2C%20Cary%20und%20Rima%20Wilkes.%202018.%20Local%26%23×2013%3Bnational%20political%20trust%20patterns%3A%20Why%20China%20is%20an%20exception.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Political%20Science%20Review%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2039%2C%20Nr.%204%20%281.%20September%29%3A%20436%26%23×2013%3B454.%20doi%3A10.1177%5C%2F0192512116677587%2C%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0192512116677587%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0192512116677587%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%28zugegriffen%3A%207.%20Juni%202021%29.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D5F86VUC8%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Local%5Cu2013national%20political%20trust%20patterns%3A%20Why%20China%20is%20an%20exception%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Cary%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wu%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rima%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wilkes%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Is%20political%20trust%20in%20China%20anomalous%3F%20In%20most%20countries%20there%20are%20systematic%20differences%20in%20the%20level%20of%20trust%20in%20national%20and%20local%20government%20that%20take%20one%20of%20three%20patterns.%20In%20some%20countries%2C%20individuals%20trust%20the%20national%20government%20more%20than%20local%20government%20%28hierarchical%20trust%29%3B%20in%20others%20individuals%20trust%20local%20government%20more%20than%20national%20government%3B%20while%20in%20some%20countries%20individuals%20trust%20both%20levels%20of%20government%20equally.%20Of%2011%20Asian%20societies%2C%20the%20only%20country%20where%20hierarchical%20trust%20predominates%20is%20China.%20Elsewhere%20the%20norm%20is%20to%20put%20more%20trust%20in%20local%20levels%20of%20government.%20While%20previous%20studies%20have%20described%20the%20pattern%20of%20trust%20in%20China%2C%20no%20study%20has%20considered%20relative%20trust%20as%20an%20outcome%20or%20comparatively.%20Taking%20advantage%20of%20the%202006%20and%202010%20Asian%20Barometer%20Survey%20data%20we%20consider%20whether%20the%20hierarchical%20trust%20pattern%20in%20China%20is%20the%20result%20of%20political%20control%2C%20culture%2C%20and%5C%2For%20performance.%20We%20find%20that%20political%20control%20explains%20the%20hierarchical%20trust%20pattern%20in%20China.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22September%201%2C%202018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1177%5C%2F0192512116677587%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220192-5121%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1177%5C%2F0192512116677587%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-07T16%3A48%3A15Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22A5XRRRVQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A2596022%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Yang%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EYang%2C%20Zhong.%202018.%20WVS%20Wave%207%20Methodology%20Report%20China.%20World%20Values%20Survey.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.worldvaluessurvey.org%5C%2FWVSDocumentationWV7.jsp%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.worldvaluessurvey.org%5C%2FWVSDocumentationWV7.jsp%3C%5C%2Fa%3E.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.china-schul-akademie.de%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D2596022%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DA5XRRRVQ%27%3EZitieren%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22WVS%20Wave%207%20Methodology%20Report%20China%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Zhong%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Yang%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.worldvaluessurvey.org%5C%2FWVSDocumentationWV7.jsp%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22XRTK7USJ%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-06-07T16%3A53%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Che, Chang. 2020. Do Chinese people support their government? Here’s why it’s hard to tell. SupChina. 25. August. https://supchina.com/2020/08/25/do-chinese-people-support-their-government-hard-to-tell/ (zugegriffen: 7. Juni 2021). Zitieren
Chu, Yun-han. 2013. Sources of Regime Legitimacy and the Debate over the Chinese Model. China Review 13, Nr. 1: 1–42. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23462227 (zugegriffen: 20. Mai 2021). Zitieren
Chu, Yun-han, Larry Diamond, Andrew J. Nathan und Doh Chull Shin. 2008. How East Asians View Democracy. Columbia University Press. Zitieren
Cunningham, Edward, Tony Saich und Jessie Turiel. 2020. Understanding CCP Resilience: Surveying Chinese Public Opinion Through Time. Harvard Kennedy School Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation. https://ash.harvard.edu/files/ash/files/final_policy_brief_7.6.2020.pdf. Zitieren
Drinhausen, Katja. 2021. Democracy / 民主. Decoding China. https://decodingchina.eu/democracy/ (zugegriffen: 20. Mai 2021). Zitieren
Haerpfer, Christian, Ronald Inglehart, Alejandro Moreno, Chris Welzel, Kseniya Kizilova, Jaime Diez-Medrano, Marta Lagos, Pippa Norris, Eduard Ponarin und Bi Puranen. 2020. World Values Survey: Round Seven – Country-Pooled Datafile. Madrid; Wien: JD Systems Institute & WVSA Secretariat. doi.org/10.14281/18241.1 (zugegriffen: 22. Mai 2021). Zitieren
Hu, Peng. 2018. Popular understanding of democracy in contemporary China. Democratization 25, Nr. 8 (17. November): 1441–1459. doi:10.1080/13510347.2018.1482534, https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2018.1482534 (zugegriffen: 21. Mai 2021). Zitieren
Hu Fu Center for East Asia Democratic Studies. 2021. Asian Barometer. 台大胡佛東亞民主研究中心 Asian Barometer. http://www.asianbarometer.org/ (zugegriffen: 20. Mai 2021). Zitieren
Huang, Hsin-Hao. 2018. Exploring Citizens’ Hierarchical Government Satisfaction: Evidence from China and Taiwan. Japanese Journal of Political Science 19, Nr. 2 (Juni): 122–145. http://doi.org/10.1017/S1468109918000026, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/japanese-journal-of-political-science/article/exploring-citizens-hierarchical-government-satisfaction-evidence-from-china-and-taiwan/AB9EBE6DE463028E9C40EF60A8B69311 (zugegriffen: 20. Mai 2021). Zitieren
Huang, Yasheng. 2013. Democratize or Die: Why China’s Communists Face Reform or Revolution Essay. Foreign Affairs 92, Nr. 1: 47–54. https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/fora92&i=83 (zugegriffen: 11. Dezember 2020). Zitieren
Robinson, Darrel und Marcus Tannenberg. 2019. Self-censorship of regime support in authoritarian states: Evidence from list experiments in China: Research & Politics (12. Juli). http://doi.org/10.1177/2053168019856449, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2053168019856449 (zugegriffen: 12. Januar 2021). Zitieren
Shi, Tianjian. 2008. China. Democratic Values Supporting an Authoritarian System. In: How East Asians View Democracy, hg. von Yun-han Chu, Larry Diamond, Andrew J. Nathan, und Doh Chull Shin, 209–237. Columbia University Press, 1. September. Zitieren
Wu, Cary und Rima Wilkes. 2018. Local–national political trust patterns: Why China is an exception. International Political Science Review 39, Nr. 4 (1. September): 436–454. doi:10.1177/0192512116677587, https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512116677587 (zugegriffen: 7. Juni 2021). Zitieren
Yang, Zhong. 2018. WVS Wave 7 Methodology Report China. World Values Survey. https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWV7.jsp. Zitieren
|
Aufgabe Zusammenfassung
0 von 1 Fragen abgeschlossen
Fragen:
Informationen
Sie haben die aufgabe schon einmal abgeschlossen. Daher können Sie ihn nicht erneut starten.
Aufgabe wird geladen…
Sie müssen sich anmelden oder registrieren, um die aufgabe zu starten.
Sie müssen zunächst die folgenden Schritte ausführen:
Resultate
Resultate
Abgelaufene Zeit
Kategorien
- Keine Kategorie zugeordnet 0%
-
Die Antwort wurde erfolgreich versendet!
- 1
- Aktuell
- Überprüfung
- Beantwortet
- Richtig
- Falsch
-
Frage 1 von 1
1. Frage
M5: Aufgabe 1
Zuordnung: Lerneinheit 5Analysieren Sie die Statistiken in M5.1. Arbeiten Sie heraus, welche Aspekte Eric X. Li in seinem TED-Talk bei seiner Begründung der Legitimität des politischen Systems der VR China unerwähnt gelassen hat.-
Die Anwort wird geprüft und bewertet nach dem Einreichen.
-